For example, in H. pylori positive gastroduodenitis we demonstrate increased serum levels of chemoattractants for mononuclear lymphocytes, such as CXCL10, CCL22, and CXCL16 (Taub et al., 1996; Andrew et al., 1998; Huang et al., 2008). Here, CCL22 is linked to gastroduodenitis.