Furthermore, upregulation of PTEN in a triple-negative breast cancer cell line lead to reduced migration and invasion to the brain, which was highly dependent on the crosstalk between tumor and glial cells, mediated by autocrine and paracrine activation of GM-CSF/ CSF2RA and AKT/ PTEN pathway on both astrocytes and tumor cells. Here, AKT1 is linked to triple-negative breast carcinoma.