We hereby report that the expression of two crucial DNA repair proteins, MSH2 and BRCA1, in early-stage NSCLC samples from patients who received preoperative platinum-based doublets in a Phase 3 trial, defines three distinct groups of high, intermediate, and low risk of death, according to their respective tumor expression of MSH2 and BRCA1. The gene discussed is MSH2; the disease is neoplasm.