IHC analysis showed a Th2 predisposition of tumor-infiltrating immune cells in therapy-naive patients: The mean (±SD, range) number of GATA3+ or T-bet+ immune cells and the GATA3/T-bet ratio was 340.2 (±288, 55–1258), 90.8 (±71.4, 12–289) and 5.5 (±5.3, 1.1–23.8) in all patients, respectively (Fig. 2a). Here, GATA3 is linked to neoplasm.