In PCOS CCs, the differentially expressed genes were mainly involved in the MAPK signaling pathway, steroid hormone biosynthesis pathway, transforming growth factor, beta (TGF-β) signaling pathway, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathway, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway (Padj < 0.05) (Fig. 3B). This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and polycystic ovary syndrome.