ALB and infection: In a multivariate analysis, R018 infections were associated with more frequent azotemia (OR 4.06, 1.28–12.91, p = 0.018) and severe CDI (OR 1.87, 1.12–3.13, p = 0.016) assessed by the factors of age > 60 years, temperature > 38.3°C, albumin level < 2.5 mg/dL, or WBC count ≥ 15,000 cells/μL, and they were much more likely to be toxin positive than the other ribotype infections (OR 4.55, 2.82–7.33, p<0.001).