RAF1 and hepatocellular carcinoma: Contrary to this expectation, patient data show reduced RAF1 expression in human HCCs; based on this, we have investigated the role of RAF1 in HCC using two different mouse models: (1) HCC xenografts and (2) hepatocarcinogenesis induced by the alkylating agent diethylnitrosamine (DEN) and promoted by Phenobarbital (Pb), which mimics human disease in terms of gene expression profiles and critically depends on inflammation11, 12, 13, 14.