High-risk PCa, as defined by D’Amico (PSA ≥ 20 ng/ml AND/OR biopsy Gleason score ≥8 AND/OR clinical tumor stage ≥2c)3, includes a heterogeneous group of patients, some of whom display a lethal phenotype while others can be cured by treating the primary tumor alone. The gene discussed is KLK3; the disease is neoplasm.