Immunotherapy by T cell checkpoint inhibitors, like antibodies targeting cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/ programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and targeted therapy by inhibition of an activated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, has shown improved tumor responses and/or overall survival [1,2,3,4,5]. This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and neoplasm.