The recruitment of OTUB1 to tumor necrosis receptor-associated factor 3 (TRAF3), a ubiquitin ligase required for virus-triggered interferon response factor 3 (IRF3) and nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation, inhibited the ubiquitination of HSCARG, a newly reported negative regulator of NF-κB in viral infection [19]. The gene discussed is OTUB1; the disease is viral infectious disease.