Based on our observations on mitochondrial disintegration (Fig. 5b–f) and dysfunction (Fig. 4b, c), and the reduced ability to induce SOD production under oxidative stress in AMD RPE-iPSC-RPE and AMD Skin-iPSC-RPE (Fig. 4a), we sought to investigate the implication of the pathways regulators of mitochondrial biogenesis and functions. This evidence concerns the gene SOD1 and age-related macular degeneration.