DNAAF1 and neoplasm: In conclusion, we have provided evidence for the role of inherited mutations in CMGs as determinants of TGCT, identifying germline disruptive mutations in 9% of familial pedigrees, with additional evidence implicating disruptive mutations in DNAAF1 in TGC tumorigenesis from IHC and sequencing studies of human tumours and a dnaaf1hu255h (+/−) zebrafish model displaying a 94% frequency of TGCT.