The potential advantages of podoplanin as a biomarker include: (i) its rapidity of detection, i.e., the induction of podoplanin by CNTs can be detected within 48 h after exposure; (ii) potential for high-throughput screening assay allowing analysis of a large number of samples with a fewer number of cells per assay, i.e., by using high-content imaging or in-cell Western assays; and (iii) its functional importance and clinical relevance, i.e., podoplanin expression in CAFs has been shown to correlate with poor prognosis and decreased survival of lung cancer patients as earlier mentioned. Here, PDPN is linked to lung cancer.