Diabetes mellitus, as defined by the World Health Organization [1], is “a metabolic disorder of multiple aetiology characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action or both.” The International Diabetes Federation (IDF) has indicated that there are 415 million people with diabetes in the world and this number is expected to rise to 642 million by 2040. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is metabolic disease.