These results suggested that these chemokines are closely related to liver inflammation and not to the other symptoms of hepatitis B. CCR5, as the main receptor for CCL3 and CCL5, is expressed on various immune cells, including NK, NKT, CD4+ T, and CD8+ T cells, and its expression on the cell surface varies in response to HBV infection (27). Here, CD4 is linked to hepatitis B virus infection.