Interestingly, Th1 cells are generally in association with IL-17-producing CD4+ T helper (Th17) cells in the context of infectious or some autoimmune diseases, such as experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE), collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which typically with Th1-mediated pathogenesis. Here, CD4 is linked to inflammatory bowel disease.