SPP1 and neoplasm: For example, analysis of RNA sequencing data from SMA-positive cells generated through either TGF-β1 treatment or senescence-induction revealed contrasting upregulation of numerous matrix and soluble factors reported previously to promote tumor invasion (eg. TGF-β1 treatment - IGF1, PDGF-A, VEGF-A, MMP-2, POSTN (periostin); senescence induction – SPP1 (Osteopontin), CXCL14, FGF1, EGF, MMP-12; all p<0.001); we recently found that suppression of the SASP in senescent fibroblasts through mTOR inhibition abrogates this invasion-promoting effect [42].