TGFB1 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: To further explore whether Gankyrin could be regulated by TGF-β1 through p-SMAD3 in NSCLC, we applied siRNA transduction to knockdown the SMAD3 expression in Sk-lu-1 cell lines, then the cells were exposed to TGF-β1 stimulation for 3 days (concentration from 0–10 ng/ml), and the p-SMAD3 and Gankyrin were evaluated by Western blot assay.