Other predicted upstream regulators that were activated in relapsed NRI AMLs included HOXA9 (z-score=2.865, P=5.420 × 10−7), CEBPA (z-score=2.307, P=2.510 × 10−12) and STAT3 (z-score=2.084, P=1.340 × 10−10) that have established roles in AML.29, 30, 31. The gene discussed is STAT3; the disease is acute myeloid leukemia.