In pig models of colitis, CLA was proved to downregulate inflammation by lowering serum levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) while increasing levels of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and upregulating the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) (Hontecillas et al., 2002). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is colitis.