ANA+ frequency in rheumatoid arthritis cohorts ranged from 27 to 94% in 6 studies of American Indian populations [17, 31, 35–37, 40], 28% in an Alaska Native population [38], 57% in a Canadian Aboriginal cohort versus 21% in the Caucasian controls [4] and 75–77% in 3 studies in Canadian First Nations [42, 43, 45]. The gene discussed is BTG3; the disease is rheumatoid arthritis.