CSF3 and myelodysplastic syndrome: G-CSF is mainly used as short-term therapy, generally requiring 4–6 days of treatment, for stem cell mobilization (Bendall and Bradstock 2014); however, it is also used as long-term treatment for patients with low-risk myelodysplastic syndrome (Jadersten et al. 2005) and especially for patients with chronic neutropenia (Dale 2016; Dale and Welte 2011; Donadieu et al. 2011; Zeidler et al. 2014).