The proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-18 are known to be elevated in obesity/T2D [26, 27] while IL-8 or CXC chemokine ligand (CXCL)-8 is an inflammatory protein and increased circulatory numbers of IL8-expressing monocytes were also reported in human obesity [24]. The gene discussed is IL18; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.