In an established septic animal model, sepsis induces significantly increased plasma TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1; sepsis also increases hepatic lactate, lactate/pyruvate levels and down-regulates hepatic ATP and energy charge levels; all of these effects can be reversed in the septic mice treated with a single dose of EP (40 mg/kg intraperitoneal injection, and the liver samples were taken 6 h after EP injection), suggesting that EP protects against sepsis by regulating energy metabolism and inhibiting systemic inflammation [64]. Here, TNF is linked to Sepsis.