In a murine model, LPS intratracheal administration significantly increases the release of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1 and HMGB1 into bronchoalveolar lavage, all of these changes can be markedly decreased by EP treatment (100 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected at 0 h, 12 h, 24 h and 48 h after the induction of ALI), and early administration of EP can improve survival [57]. Here, HMGB1 is linked to acute respiratory distress syndrome.