HMOX1 and acute respiratory distress syndrome: Although it is not known whether this increase in HO-1 levels and HO-1 activity constitutes an effort to revert the ALI/ARDS phenotype in the infected mice, it was showed in previous publications that the treatment of P. berghei ANKA infected DBA/2 mice with CO (a product of HO-1) [34] and with a CO-releasing molecule [15] protected them against ALI/ARDS.