In summary, after infection of hDFSCs with P. intermedia or T. forsythia (MOI = 100) no alternation in stem cell surface marker expression (positive for CD73, CD29, CD90, CD105 and CD44; negative for CD45) under anaerobic atmosphere and differentiation potential to adipogenic, chondrogenic and osteogenic fate was detected compared to uninfected cells (Fig. 3, see Supplementary Tab. The gene discussed is ENG; the disease is infection.