Despite these frustrating culture constraints, the use of adoptive T-cell therapy to treat mouse tumors and human melanoma has historically outperformed vaccine strategies [90], at least in part because the imprecise transition from deficient to effective immunity during vaccine maneuvers itself provides a window of opportunity for tumors to escape by reducing their expression of Ag, MHC molecules, and/or beta2-microglobulin (i.e., immunoediting) [38]. The gene discussed is RENBP; the disease is melanoma.