A recent article has shown that whereas TarS mediated β-O-GlcNAcylation of polymers facilitates susceptibility to infection by Podoviridae “lytic” phages, the TarM mediated α-O-GlcNAcylation prevents infection [70], thereby conferring a level of protection that likely evolved in Podoviridae-rich environments. The gene discussed is TARS1; the disease is infection.