We showed that exogenous IL-1β, as well as exogenous IL-18, improved OXA-induced colitis in WT mice and prevented worsening of colitis in NLRP3−/− mice, strongly suggesting that the NLRP3 inflammasome-derived IL-1β may have an inhibitory effect on OXA-induced colitis. This evidence concerns the gene NLRP3 and colitis.