GNAQ and systemic lupus erythematosus: The present data showed that the levels of IFN-γ (a Th1 cytokine), IL-17 (a Th17 cytokine) and Foxp3 (a marker of regulatory T cells) were higher in T cells from SLE patients, compared with controls, while low Gαq mRNA expression in T cells from SLE patients was associated with higher levels of IFN-γ, IL-4 (a Th2 cytokine), and IL-17.