Interestingly, a SNP-SNP interaction for PTPN22 (rs2476601) and LACC1 (rs3764147) was shown to confer increased risk of UC in a study of Lithuanian and Latvian IBD patients [24], indicating that these two genes may act across overlapping pathogenetic mechanisms of disease predisposition, through neutrophils or macrophage-specific functions. Here, PTPN22 is linked to inflammatory bowel disease.