Knockdown of AR achieved only about 30% growth inhibition, whereas p23 knockdown was more effective in inhibiting 22Rv1 cell growth (Supplementary Fig. 10b), suggesting that other downstream targets of AIL mediated by the inhibition of p23, such as AKT, Cdk4 or others are important for prostate cancer cell growth inhibition. This evidence concerns the gene CDK4 and prostate cancer.