IL-13 is a immunoregulatory cytokine involved in several allergic diseases, whose role has been also studied in EoE: A 16-fold increase in IL-13 mRNA expression has been observed in EoE patients compared to healthy individuals; in human esophageal epithelial cell cultures IL-13 are capable of partially reproduce the characteristic EoE transcripsome, and IL-13 enhance the gene expression of the eosinophil-activating chemoattractants eotaxin-1 and 3 [29]. Here, CCL11 is linked to eosinophilic esophagitis.