A miR-31 (miR-31 is an upregulated microRNAs in squamous cell carcinoma) overexpressed transgenic model [33], Nrf2-knockout model [34], and p53 mutated model [35] are some of the few preferred transgenic animal models to which 4-NQO can be administered to induce esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. This evidence concerns the gene TP53 and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.