Together with the well-known role of NOX4 in the pathogenesis of DN, including data showing that genetic or pharmacological inhibition of Nox4 attenuated parameters of DN in mouse models48, 49, 50, our results further support the significance of this SIAH1/HIPK2/MeCP2/miR-25/NOX4 pathway in DN. This evidence concerns the gene NOX4 and liver dysplastic nodule.