HIPK2 and Nephropathy: HIPK2 plays a role in kidney fibrosis in mice with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and HIPK2 expression is higher not only in kidneys of HIV transgenic mice and patients with HIV associated nephropathy, but also in kidneys of patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), DN and immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgA nephropathy)34.