However, in vivo (4 week-STZ injected diabetic mice), the duration of hyperglycemia is relatively longer and hence upregulation of endogenous TGF-β is also longer, suggesting that HIPK2 protein expression under these in vivo conditions is likely to be upregulated at the posttranslational level (stabilization through decreases in SIAH1). Here, TGFB1 is linked to Hyperglycemia.