In the genetic-defect-induced fatty liver disease animal model, we used leptin receptor-deficient ob/ob mice as the NAFLD model to study the preventative effects of kefir peptides in our previous study.12 The data demonstrated that kefir improved fatty liver syndrome for body weight, energy expenditure and basal metabolic rate by inhibiting serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase and glutamate pyruvate transaminase activities and by decreasing the triglyceride and total cholesterol contents of the liver. This evidence concerns the gene LEPR and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.