Daily fructose consumption from food or drinking water has been demonstrated to stimulate de novo lipogenesis and results in chronic low-grade inflammation and insulin resistance.38, 39 Previous studies have suggested that NAFLD may be associated with an increased formation of reactive oxygen species in the liver and an induction of TNFα.40 Recent study showed that lipid peroxidation results in the formation of HNE and upregulates various signaling intermediates that regulate cellular activity and dysfunction via a process called redox signaling. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.