These functions are dependent on NF-κB signaling functions such as the induction of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) and upregulation of survivin, a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis family.13, 16 Sharpin expression also increases in HCC;12 however, the biological significance underlying HCC progression remains largely unknown. The gene discussed is NFKB1; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.