We further validated the relevance of NOX4 in HCC cell migration and invasion studying the behaviour of HCC cells cultured as spheroids embedded in collagen I. This assay measures proliferation and invasion over time (invasive growth).31 In a period of 4 days, cells with high levels of NOX4 showed lower invasive growth capacity (Figure 3g). Here, NOX4 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.