KRAS and pancreatitis: This has recently been demonstrated by Kong et al38 where, after caerulein-induced pancreatitis, amongst other genes, a ‘wave' of Agr2 expression was seen – a high increase during regeneration and decrease during refinement phases in wt mice; in Kras-mutated mice after caerulein challenge, Agr2 upregulation was additionally seen during inflammatory phase, and was pronounced during the refinement phase, which now does not progress to resolution, but rather to acinar-to-ductal metaplasia, PanIN and PDAC development.