More recently, Assar and colleagues reported that lycopene could suppress the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway through inhibiting phosphorylation of inhibitor of kappa B (IκB) in human prostate and breast cancer cells, probably due to the action of lycopene as an antioxidant to scavenge free radicals29. This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and breast cancer.