HMGB1 and cancer: MIAPaCa-2 cancer cells showed increased VEGF levels after initial TLR ligation either with ODN or LTA alone or combined with ODN and HMGB1 (ODN: 127%, p < 0.05; LTA: 117%, p < 0.05, and ODN + HMGB1: 143%, p < 0.005).