TLR9 and cancer: Interestingly, activation of TLR9 with ODN and ODN + HMGB1 showed highly significant proliferation promoting effects in MIAPaCa-2 (155% and 145%, p < 0.0001), BxPC-3 (147% and 133%, p < 0.0001), and PaCaDD135 cancer cells (112% and 118%, p < 0.005) (Figure 10C).