Following HIV-1 challenge with strain JR-FL, mice reconstituted with the anti-HIV shPromA showed significantly lower plasma viral loads and a normal CD4:CD8 T cell ratio, while the control group treated with cells transduced by the inactive mutated version of shProm A, shPromA-M2, showed the expected course of acute HIV-1 infection, with high plasma viral load and low CD4+ T cell numbers resulting in rapid onset of immunodeficiency [88]. Here, CD4 is linked to immunodeficiency disease.