VEGFA and retinal disorder: Elevated inflammatory mediators such as VEGF, IL-8, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNFα are observed in experimental models of diabetes15, –17 and are elevated in vitreous of diabetic individuals.18, –20 Importantly, inhibition of these inflammatory mediators slows progression of retinopathy in experimental models of diabetes.21,22 John Penn (Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA) presented the novel effects of arachidonic acid metabolites, the proinflammatory prostaglandins and thromboxanes, and the anti-inflammatory, epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EET) and epoxydocosapentaenoic acids (EDPs).