CASP3 and colonic neoplasm: Cur has been demonstrated to be involved in initiating both caspase-dependent and caspase-independent apoptosis pathways in cancer [50,55] Previous studies have shown that Cur can induce apoptosis by activation of caspase 3 or ROS generation, which leads to multiple apoptotic signals, including caspase-dependent and caspase-independent pathways in colon cancer [55].