This is particularly true in cancer, where CDK8 may function not only as an oncogene, but also as a tumor-suppressor depending on the cellular context (McCleland et al., 2015; Mitra et al., 2006; Chattopadhyay et al., 2010; Gu et al., 2013; Firestein et al., 2008, 2010; Seo et al., 2010; Adler et al., 2012). This evidence concerns the gene CDK8 and cancer.