As HFD mice and ZF and ZDF rats exhibited hyperlipidaemia, hyperglycaemia and hyperinsulinemia (ESM Table 1 and ESM Fig. 1a–c), we evaluated the effects of modified lipids and hyperglycaemia on the regulation of SHP-1 expression in mouse aortic VSMCs in vitro. The gene discussed is PTPN6; the disease is Hyperinsulinemia.