AGER and Alzheimer disease: To trigger AD, biotic stressors convey the external biological signals via lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), LPS-receptor of advanced glycation end products (RAGE), and amyloid β peptide (Aβ)/senile plaques (SP)-RAGE interactions (Yan et al., 1996; Yamamoto et al., 2011).