E2F1 and neoplasm: The same authors in a previous work reported that activation of the pRB/E2F1 axis is critical for the induction of multiple TGFβ-targeted genes involved in tumor suppression, leading to apoptosis and cell growth inhibition.54 Based on this observation, it appears that, in cancer cells, TGFβ activation of autophagy is functionally linked to the TGFβ-dependent tumor suppressive effects.