Various pathways have been proposed, including cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) reduction,26 NMDA receptor neuromodulation,21 increasing cell survival proteins p-Akt and bcl-2 (ref. 27) and neurotrophic factor expression.22 The present study seeks to delineate the mechanisms of α2A-mediated neuroprotection using glaucoma-related in vivo and in vitro models, and investigate the involvement of the Aβ-pathway. Here, IGKV2D-29 is linked to glaucoma.