Autophagy plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of diverse disease, such as neuronal degeneration, aging, and cancer.26 Here we demonstrate that downregulation of ASPP2 promotes the development of HCC by enhancing starvation-induced autophagy via regulating regulating BECN1 transcription and formation of PIK3C3 complex (Figure 7g). This evidence concerns the gene PIK3C3 and hepatocellular carcinoma.